Industrial lighting design and LED light applications

1.1 Characteristics of industrial sites
(1) Visual conditions: including the accuracy of the recognition object (recognition size), the brightness of the detail and the background, as well as the viewing distance, whether the object is moving, etc. These are the main factors determining the illuminance level.
(2) Location height: from 3m to 4m to tens of meters high, different heights have an important impact on the selection of light sources, lamps and calculated illumination.
(3) Environmental conditions of the site: moisture, splashing water, dust, high temperature, low temperature, corrosive gas or steam, vibration, etc., have a decisive influence on the protection level (IP code) of the lamp and other protective requirements.
(4) The production line and production equipment of the industrial site are relatively fixed, which is convenient for distinguishing the working surface, the working adjacent area and the non-working surface and passage, and adopting different illumination standards.
1.2 The requirements for lighting should be based on the characteristics of different places, in accordance with the provisions of GB 50034-2013 "Architectural Lighting Design Standards", reasonable selection of illuminance levels, to meet illumination quality requirements such as illuminance uniformity, glare limitation, light source color table and color rendering, correct Choose light sources, fixtures and electrical accessories to improve the energy efficiency of your lighting system.
2 Implementation of LPD limits for lighting energy-saving machines Saving energy and protecting the environment are major guidelines in today's world and in China. Energy saving in lighting is an important part of it. The important reason for the "Architectural Lighting Design Standards" (newly issued GB 50034-2013) is to further improve the energy efficiency of the lighting system, reduce the LPD limits specified by the standard, and raise the energy saving for architectural lighting (including industrial buildings). Claim.
Designers should grasp the following points:
(1) The LPD limit specified by the standard is the minimum requirement. It is only the qualified value, not the optimized value. The designer should not use the LPD limit as the basis for the design illumination. This completely violates the original intention of energy saving.
(2) The LPD limit is proportionally increased or decreased, which is used for increasing or decreasing the primary illuminance according to 4.1.2 and 4.1.3 of GB50034-2013; the design is to calculate the deviation of illuminance (allowing within ±10%) ) Do not increase or decrease the LPD limit.
(3) The room with small area or high installation of lamps has a low utilization factor. According to the provisions of Article 6.3.14 of GB 50034-2012: When RI≤1, the LPD value can be increased, but not more than 20%.
(4) Different requirements for distinguishing the working surface from the surrounding area and the background area (channel, non-working area) are effective measures to reduce the actual LPD value.
3 One of the important measures to ensure the quality of lighting and improve the energy efficiency of lighting is the rational selection of high-quality and high-efficiency light sources. In industrial and civil construction sites where the installation height is not too large (eg, within 7m~8m), the most widely used light source is straight tube fluorescent lamps, which have the advantages of high quality, high efficiency and economical benefits. Its selection should meet the following requirements:
1. Thin pipe diameter: pipe diameter is not more than 26mm, namely T8 and T5.
2. Three primary colors: using rare earth trichromatic phosphors, whose Ra>80, the halogen powder lamps should be eliminated.
3. Long lamp: use 4 feet (about 1.2m) long tube, no 2 foot long tube.
4. Medium color temperature: For medium and medium illumination (300lx~750lx) industrial and civil buildings, medium color temperature should be used.
Several fluorescent lighting effects are compared as shown in the table below.

Note: 1 According to GB 17896-2012 "tube type fluorescent lamp ballast energy efficiency limit value and energy efficiency rating".
2 The luminous flux of the fluorescent lamp is based on 4000K data.
4 LED lamp technical requirements for industrial and civil construction applications
LED lamps have the advantages of fast starting point, excellent color matching performance, high luminous efficiency and long service life. They are energy-saving and environmentally friendly light sources and have great development prospects. But after all, it is still in the development stage, and there are quite a few problems to solve. If the color quality is not good, the glare is large, the lighting fixtures have yet to be developed, the power supply harmonics and power factor are still less considered, and the calculation factors such as the utilization coefficient are almost no, and the market products are mixed. Therefore, it is very necessary to put forward some technical requirements for LEDs, etc. It will be beneficial to the production of LED lamps to improve the quality and technical level, which is conducive to improving the quality of lighting and facilitating the rational application of designers. The technical requirements are as follows:
(1) For long hours of work and stay, the color rendering index (Ra) should not be less than 80.
(2) In the above places, the color chart of LED lights should not be higher than 4000K.
(3) In the above places, the special color rendering index R9 (saturated red) of the LED lamp should be greater than zero.
(4) The color tolerance of the same type of light source in the same place should not be greater than 5 SDCM.
(5) The deviation of the chromaticity coordinates of the LED lamp from the initial value during the lifetime shall not exceed 0.007 in the CIE1976 uniform chromaticity scale diagram, which may be referred to as “color maintenance”.
(6) The chromaticity coordinates of LED lamps in different directions, and their weighted average deviations in the CIE1976 uniform chromaticity scale diagram, should not exceed 0.004, which can be called "space chromaticity consistency".
(7) The "light flux maintenance rate" of the LED lamp should meet the product standard requirements, as follows:
1 LED downlight , according to the provisions of GB/T29294-2012, the lumen maintenance rate should not be lower than 70% (L70).
2 Reflective self-ballasted LED lights, according to GB/T29294-2012: the life expectancy is 25000h, the maintenance rate of 6000h is not less than 92%.
3 self-ballasted LED lights, according to GB/T24908-2010: life expectancy is 25000h, the maintenance rate of 6000h is not less than 88%.
4 self-ballasted LED lights, "US Energy Star" regulations: ≥ 70% at 25000h, ≥ 91.8% at 6000h.
(8) LED lamp surface brightness is high, easy to cause glare is large and uncomfortable, should reduce the surface brightness (such as not more than 100kcd / m2), the lamp should limit glare, should be equipped with a diffusing cover, otherwise there should be no less than 30 ° shading angle.
(9) The upper harmonics (especially 3 times) of LED lamps and driving power sources should be limited, and should meet the harmonic limits specified in Class C (lighting equipment) of GB 17625.1-2012, pay special attention to lamps of 25W and below. Harmonics are large and measures should be taken.
(10) The power factor (λ) of the LED lamp input circuit should be improved: λ is reduced due to excessive harmonics, so the compensation cannot be relied on by the capacitor, but the harmonic content should be reduced.
According to the EU regulations: if the lamp power is >25W, λ>0.9; the lamp power is 5W~25W, λ>0.5. This requirement is consistent with the λ calculated according to the harmonic values ​​specified in GB 17625.1-2012.