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Lighting is an essential element for ensuring the safety, comfort, and functionality of outdoor spaces. Whether it is for street lighting or sports lighting, proper lighting calculations are necessary to determine the optimal number, type, and placement of luminaires to achieve the desired illumination levels and uniformity. In this article, we will explain the basic concepts and methods of lighting calculations for street lighting and sports lighting, as well as some of the factors and standards to consider.
Luminous efficacy (lm/W) is the ratio of luminous flux to power consumption, which measures the efficiency of a light source. The higher the luminous efficacy, the more lumens a light source can produce with less energy. For example, an incandescent bulb has a luminous efficacy of about 16 lm/W, while an LED bulb has a luminous efficacy of about 100 lm/W.
The dimensions and shape of the area to be lit, such as the length, width, height, and orientation of the street or the sports field.
The characteristics and performance of the luminaires, such as the lumen output, luminous efficacy, beam angle, light distribution, mounting height, tilt angle, and spacing.
The environmental and operational conditions, such as the ambient temperature, humidity, wind speed, maintenance factor, and operating hours.
The basic formula for calculating the number of luminaires for street lighting and sports lighting is:
N=n×F×UE×A×MF
Where:
N is the number of luminaires
E is the target average illuminance level (in lux)
A is the area to be lit (in square meters)
MF is the maintenance factor, which accounts for the depreciation of the luminous flux due to dirt, aging, and failures
n is the number of lamps per luminaire
F is the initial lumen output of each lamp (in lumens)
U is the utilization factor, which accounts for the fraction of the luminous flux that reaches the area to be lit
For example, suppose we want to light a rectangular football field with dimensions of 100 m by 70 m, with a target average illuminance level of 200 lux and a uniformity ratio of 0.7. We choose LED flood lights with a lumen output of 50,000 lm, a luminous efficacy of 100 lm/W, a beam angle of 60 degrees, and a light distribution of type III. We assume a maintenance factor of 0.8 and an operating time of 10 hours per day. How many luminaires do we need?
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