What needs to be paid attention to in the lighting design of the hospital?
December 24, 2022
1. The layout of the lighting design is reasonable, and the lighting quality is fully improved. Lighting energy saving is realized on the basis of ensuring and improving the lighting quality. When designing hospital lighting, it is first necessary to reasonably determine the lighting layout plan according to the function of the building. Determine a reasonable illumination standard according to the requirements of visual work, and carry out targeted lighting design for different places. In clinical wards, reflective or indirect fluorescent lamps with warm colors and a color temperature of less than 3300K are usually used. In order to prevent glare stimulation to patients, the lighting should avoid directly above the hospital bed, and the illuminance should be around 1001X. In addition, corner lights should be installed on the lower side of the door of the ward to facilitate night patrols for nurses. The nurse station should use high color temperature lighting fixtures. In hospital outpatient and emergency places, natural light should be fully coordinated and utilized. Artificial lighting should adopt diffuse reflection fluorescent lamps with cool colors, color rendering index higher than 80, and color temperature of 3500K. The illumination is 3001X. In addition, ultraviolet germicidal lamps should be designed and installed. It is to disinfect and sterilize air, water and other media as well as the surface of objects. Dermatology departments, medical examination centers or examination rooms use tri-primary fluorescent lamps because they need to recognize the color of people or objects. The combination of general lighting and enhanced lighting can be used for tall rooms and places in the hospital. General lighting is installed on the upper part, and wall lighting is installed on the pillars or lower parts of the wall, which is more energy-efficient than general lighting alone. The office area should actively use natural light energy as much as possible to save electricity. As far as possible, natural lighting should be used as much as possible during the day, and some artificial lighting should be supplemented when natural lighting is not enough. Some measures can also be taken to increase lighting, such as increasing the area of doors and windows in the office area, and using glass windows with better light transmission. When designing, some control switches can be added to the location near the window with good lighting, and the artificial lighting can be adjusted according to the intensity of natural light, which greatly saves energy. It should be noted that at present, the public area of the hospital uses LED flat lights, and LED lamp beads are used as the light source, and the entire light flux is evenly dispersed on the light-emitting surface through the light guide plate. Flat and easy to clean, it has the characteristics of high brightness, uniform lighting, soft light, no AC flicker, and low noise. In addition, the color rendering is good. The color rendering index of sunlight is 100, and the color rendering index of LED light source can reach 95. The light source with high color rendering performance has better color performance, and the color seen is close to the natural primary color. LED energy-saving lamps have been widely promoted and used in the lighting design of modern hospitals. 2 Reasonable selection to improve lighting efficiency The light source is the primary factor for energy saving, and the energy saving of the light source depends on the luminous efficiency. The primary task of lighting energy saving is to choose high-efficiency lighting sources with high luminous efficiency, long life, and good color rendering. High-efficiency lighting sources can emit higher luminous flux than ordinary lighting sources when using 1W of electric energy. The widely used fluorescent lamps and the vigorously promoted LED energy-saving lamps not only have high luminous efficiency and long life, but also can greatly save electric energy and improve lighting efficiency. 3 Promote high-efficiency energy-saving lamps and auxiliary energy-saving devices. In order to save electricity, pay attention to the use of high-efficiency lamps when designing lighting. The efficiency of a luminaire is the ratio of the effective luminous flux emitted by the luminaire to the total luminous flux of the light source. The higher the reflectance of the reflective surface of the lamp, the more reasonable the design, and the higher the efficiency of the lamp. When conditions permit, direct opening lamps are preferred. According to the requirements of the specification, the efficiency of indoor fluorescent lamps and high-intensity gas discharge lamps should not be lower than 75%. When the lamps are equipped with shading grilles, attention should be paid to the influence of the protection angle of the shading grilles on reducing the efficiency of the lamps, and the efficiency of the lamps should not be low. 60% to improve lamp efficiency. Pay attention to the selection of materials with a slower deterioration rate, such as lamps made of glass lampshades to reduce the light energy attenuation rate; lamps made of easy-to-clean, anti-static and non-dust-absorbing materials.
Now the public areas of newly built large hospitals basically use more advanced and energy-saving LED lamps. It uses solid-state semiconductor devices, which can directly convert electricity into light. LED lamps have small size, low power consumption, long life, not easy to rust, non-toxic and environmentally friendly, etc. Many advantages. The light attenuation of LED lamps is significantly lower than that of traditional lighting, especially compared with traditional fluorescent lamps, LED lighting has obvious advantages and broad development space. In addition, it is possible to promote electronic ballasts, which have the advantages of energy saving, low power consumption, power factor above 0.9, high lighting efficiency, light weight, small size, reliable startup, no flicker, no noise, and dimmable , The allowable voltage deviation is large, etc. For example, an electronic ballast for a 36W fluorescent lamp consumes only 1 to 3W. Energy-saving magnetic ballasts use low-consumption materials, and their energy consumption is between traditional and electronic ballasts. Therefore, high-quality energy-saving electronic ballasts and energy-saving magnetic ballasts should be promoted in lighting design. For T8 and T5 straight tube fluorescent lamps, electronic ballasts should be used; high-power high-pressure sodium lamps and metal halide lamps should use energy-saving magnetic ballasts; low-power metal halide lamps should use electronic ballasts. 4 Reasonable selection of lighting control methods The control of lighting fixtures should be treated differently according to different characteristics and requirements. According to different areas, zone control can be adopted. In open-air places, natural light is used during the day, and artificial lighting can be controlled by time and light at night; for multi-storey non-closed buildings in the installation area, natural light cannot reach the required illuminance during the day, and artificial lighting is needed as a supplement. The supplementary artificial lighting is divided into multiple circuits, and 1 or 2 circuits can be turned on during the day as supplementary lighting. At night, all artificial lighting is turned on, which not only meets the illumination requirements but also saves energy. In the office space, two or more rows of lamps are generally installed. When the entire room has a uniform illuminance requirement, the method of controlling the lamps in rows can be adopted, and the controlled lamp rows are parallel to the side windows; partitions can be used if there is no uniform illuminance requirement. Control; aisles, stairs, awnings and other places where other people stay for a short time can be installed with voice-activated switches for lighting control. 
In the lighting design of large hospitals, the specific functions of the building should be carefully considered, and the requirements for energy saving should be strictly followed; when selecting energy-saving equipment, understand its principles, performance and effects in detail, and then select the most scientific lighting equipment after comprehensive consideration; according to Work requires reasonable control of the use of lighting. Hospitals have always only focused on the development of medical technology and equipment. There is still a long way to go to truly save energy and reduce consumption. However, many large hospitals will surely obtain huge economic returns through renovation.
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